Shelley Niros Vision of Stories of Women

There is an increasing tendency to discuss the peculiarities of definite social phenomena with the help of the art devices, which are necessary for expressing of the people’s individual viewpoints. Shelley Niro is one of the most famous Canadian photographers, painters, sculptors and filmmakers, and she always presents her own vision of social issues with the help of her outstanding works.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Shelley Niro’s Vision of Stories of Women specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Shelley Niro graduated from the Ontario College of Art with honours in visual arts and received her MFA from the University of Western Ontario (Photography. M: Stories of Women). Nevertheless, she is constantly improving of her skills and trying to discover new possibilities of the art. The most significant problem on which she focuses in her works is the woman question in the context of the problems of First Nations in Canada. Her works from the latest exhibition M: Stories of Women in Gallery 44 have added some more touches to the whole picture of her unique vision of a woman of First Nations. The works from M: Stories of Women attract your attention immediately when you decide to enter the gallery. Bright colours of the large-scale works impress the visitors with their depth and intensity. You become to be involved in a magnificent world of the women’s images which are definitely individual. â€Å"These large-scale works by First Nations artist Shelley Niro challenge the myth of native degradation and explore the many ways in which native females are viewed† (M: Stories of Women). It is important that the author depicts these women with the help of using of many interesting multimedia techniques. The peculiarities of combining of the elements of photography and painting can add some more special strength to the pictures. It is interesting that the notion of ‘formà ¢â‚¬â„¢ requires a specific meaning in Niro’s works. There is no stability of the form in the works. The pictures give the impression of some dynamics. This effect is the result of using of a special colour scheme in the works. Bright red, yellow and blue colors provide you with the feeling of some magnetism of the women’s images.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Shelley Niro always insisted on the individuality of every woman and expressed this attitude in her works. The problem of the image of a woman is also depicted in the title of the exhibition. â€Å"The letter M in the title references the myriad characterizations of First Nations women. It could be taken to reference the earlier title and incarnation of the work (Monster) or it could reference other traits or roles such as Maternal or Mother† (Photography. M: Stories of Women). The possibility to inte rpret the title in different ways is closely connected with the possibility of various interpretations of the works from the exhibition. â€Å"The ambiguity of the title affords Niro the ability to explore several issues in and outside the context of gender† (Photography. M: Stories of Women). There are many challenges in our modern society which women can face every day. These challenges can influence the lives not only of the women of First Nations but also of women from all over the world. Nevertheless, the images of the women who are depicted in the pictures can surprise you with their strong feeling of self-confidence. Moreover, there is something magical in Shelley Niro’s vision of a woman and of her position in the society as a representative of First Nations. The ways of the depiction of the reality in the pictures can surprise and even shock the public. â€Å"Niro’s exhilarating pieces incorporate found imagery, portraiture and landscape into a rich ta pestry of women’s lives† (M: Stories of Women). M: Stories of Women in Gallery 44 is an example of an exciting exhibition where the visitors can be impressed not only with the art peculiarities of the works by Shelley Niro but also with the peculiarities of the author’s unique vision of definite social issues. Works Cited M: Stories of Women, torontolife.com. n.d. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Shelley Niro’s Vision of Stories of Women specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Photography. M: Stories of Women, imaginenative.org. 19 Oct. 2011. Web. This essay on Shelley Niro’s Vision of Stories of Women was written and submitted by user Johnny Harris to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Whistle Blowing Theory And Whistleblowers Protection Social Policy Essay Essays

Whistle Blowing Theory And Whistleblowers Protection Social Policy Essay Essays Whistle Blowing Theory And Whistleblowers Protection Social Policy Essay Paper Whistle Blowing Theory And Whistleblowers Protection Social Policy Essay Paper The purpose of this paper is to show the theory of whistle blowers protection, analyze the mechanisms for protection that surrounds it and pull out recommended whistle-blowing protection for Republic of Macedonia. It will get down with showing background theory for whistle blowers protection and specify the chief constructs of this theory such as who are the whistle blowers, what it means and when does it happen, and what are the most normally used mechanisms for protection of whistle blowers normally included in policies. The paper will furthermore, analyse the basic mechanisms of protection such as namelessness, unsusceptibility from legal action, and protection against reprisal which are frequently referred to as basic whistle-blowing protection, and farther mechanisms such as resettlement or transportation, reinstatement and back wage. These mechanisms will so be compared to the statute law in Macedonia. The concluding portion of this paper will reason with recommendations drawn out from these analyses for a whistle blowers policy protection that might be adopted by the Government in Macedonia. WHISTLEBLOWING Whistle-blowing is a term that has been used a batch in the media to show different instances of error and emphasize the importance of these instances for the public public assistance. In this portion of the paper we will look at the construct behind whistle-blowing and what this means through several different definitions that have been used in this theory or definitions that support the apprehension of the writer of this paper. Furthermore, we will specify the term whistle blower and whistle blowers protection and several instances of whistle blowers will be presented in order to show the importance of this protection. The term whistle-blowing comes from different beginnings. The general apprehension that underlines the beginning of this term normally derives from the action of whistling as an act of signaling. In these footings, Miceli and Near make a analogue of the act of blowing the whistling in a corporation or authorities, and the whistle of a football referee. By comparing whistle-blowing with an functionary on a playing field, such as a football referee, who can blow the whistling to halt action , they refer to the whistle blower as person who whistles to halt errors ( Miceli and Near 1992, 15 ) . Similarly Deiseroth, ties the term whistleblower to the Englishbobbies ( police officers ) , who would blow their whistlings when they would detect the committee of a offense ( International Network of Engineers and Scientists for Global Responsibility 2009 ) . All of these imply that whistle-blowing as an act is related to signaling errors. Before traveling into account of who are the whi stle blowers and what is the impact of describing incorrect behaviors, we will look at the theory that defines the construct of whistle blowers and whistle-blowing as an act. Harmonizing to Larmer, whistle-blowing is the act of complaining, either within the corporation or publically, about a corporation s unethical patterns ( Larmer 1992, 126 ) . De Maria in his book Deadly revelations: whistle-blowing and the ethical meltdown of Australia defines whistle-blowing as a public exposure of wrongdoing ( De Maria 1999, 32 ) and as an ethical opposition against the normally protected being of wrongdoing ( De Maria 1999, 34 ) . Whistle-blowing is besides defined as the revelation by organisations members ( former or current ) of illegal, immoral, or illegitimate patterns under the control of their employers, to individuals or organisations that may be able to consequence action ( Near and Miceli 1985, 4 ) . In add-on to these definitions Jubb looks at whistle-blowing in a broader scope and defines it as dissent, in response to an ethical quandary, in the signifier of a public accusal against an organisation ( Jubb 1999, 79 ) and in the more narrow footings defines it as: a calculated non-obligatory act of revelation, which gets onto public record and is made by a individual who has or had privileged entree to data or information of an administration, about non-trivial illegality or other wrongdoing whether existent, suspected or anticipated which implicates and is under the control of that administration, to an external entity holding possible to rectify the error ( Jubb 1999, 79 ) . As it can be understood from the provided definitions of whistle-blowing, we can reason that the construct of whistle-blowing is chiefly defined as a construct that involves coverage of ethical errors which affect the populace in the society. Now that we have underlined the beginnings and the act of whistle-blowing, we turn to placing who is the whistle blower and why there is a demand for a whistle blowers protection. De Maria defines whistle blowers as: a concerned citizen, wholly or preponderantly motivated by impressions of public involvement, who initiates of his or her ain free will, an unfastened revelation about important wrongdoing straight perceived in a peculiar occupational function, to a individual or bureau capable of look intoing the ailment and easing the rectification of incorrect making ( De Maria 1995, 447 ) . At the same clip, Miceli and Near define the whistle blowers as nowadays or past member of an organisation against which the ailment is lodged ( Miceli and Near 1992, 16 ) . The definitions given above imply and confirm the thought given in Jubb s more narrow definition of whistle-blowing about possessing inside cognition about an organisation sing different errors of the organisation or skeletons in their cupboards. They besides stress the importance of whistle blowers in the act of uncovering incorrect behaviors in the public sector or the organisations. Additionally, the provided definitions of incorrect behaviors besides stress the importance that these Acts of the Apostless frequently refer to information in ownership of the whistle blowers gained in the period of employment with the public sector or given organisation, which deals with illegal or un-ethical Acts of the Apostless. Unfortunately when information is leaked really frequently the inquiry within the organisations harmonizing to Frome is non Is it right or incorrect? but Who leaked it? ( Frome 1978, 53 ) . In many instances such as these, when this information is exposed to the populace, the whistle blowers are fired, repressed or in some utmost instances even assassinated. Such is the instance of Marlene Garcia Esperat who was killed for her exhibition A ; eacute ; on transplant and corrupt patterns ( Espejo 2006 ) in the Philippines Department of Agriculture in 2005. Similar is the instance of Satyendra Dubey who brought up the corruptness in the main road building in India and was assassinated in 2003 twelvemonth after he complained to Mr Vajpayee and the route web governments ( BBC News 2003 ) , and the instance of Manjunath Shanmugam, who brought up to attending the corruptness in the gas industry in India and was murdered for exposing an debasement racket in Lakhimpur in 2005 ( News, Daily News Updates 2009 ) . Even thought the instances presented above represent extreme state of affairss, they stress the importance of holding policies that will offer whistle blowers protection. The protection in these footings is provided through the several mechanisms brought up at the beginning of the paper, viz. the namelessness, unsusceptibility from legal actions, protection against reprisal every bit good as resettlement, reinstatement and back wage. Basic protection Anonymity Whistle blowers are in some instances reluctant to blow the whistling. This can be a consequence of many factors, some of which include the fright of their safety, the earnestness of the information that they are in ownership of, and some factors may include the fright of unjust revenge. In these instances whistle blowers may take to remain anon. . However even thought some of these factors can be into drama namelessness non ever can be guaranteed, particularly in instances as defined by Elliston when the namelessness impedes the chase of truth ( Eliston 1983, 174 ) . One manner of set uping namelessness is by debut hot lines in the organisation, but has to be taken into history that this may come as a struggle in smaller organisations. Unsusceptibility from legal action This shield refers to the unsusceptibility from legal actions for the whistle blowers. In the most simplified significance this reflects to state of affairss when the whistle blower may be given unsusceptibility from condemnable prosecution in exchange for their testimony. The Justice Department of Australia in a treatment paper on Public involvement disclosures provinces that individual that discloses information about incorrect making will non be apt for any action, claim or any other demand of any nature including for breach of legislative act, condemnable offense, calumny, breach of assurance, misconduct or other disciplinary offense ( Tasmanian Department of Justice 2000 ) . However, it needs to be noted every bit good that unsusceptibility from legal actions is besides non ever guaranteed. For illustration, a individual can non be given unsusceptibility if the errors that are reported have been carried by from the individual that is describing them. Protection against reprisal Protection against reprisal is seen as critical by Near and Dworkin because it signals organisational support for the coverage of error ( Near and Dworkin 1998, 1560 ) . These writers point out that an organisation that does non handle its employees reasonably under other fortunes would look more likely to revenge against whistle blowers than would an organisation that is seen as just ( Miceli and Near 1992, 217 ) . Sing the above, whistle-blowing protection policies normally define certain actions that are taken against persons that are trying or cabaling to do injury to the whistle blower. Further protection Resettlement or reassign Resettlement, which sometimes is tied to namelessness, is an extra mechanism of the whistle blower protection that provides resettlements or transportations to another section upon a petition of the individual that blows the whistling. In instances when the individuality of the whistle blower is keep anon. this protection is non necessary, whereas in instances of knows identity extra protection is provided by relocating the whistle blower. In other instances, the whistle blower if he has concern about his safety, he can once more bespeak for resettlement or transportation. It needs to be taken into history that sing this protection will most likely vary on a instance to instance footing. The South Australian Whistleblower Protection Act 1993 provinces that if whistle blowers feel that a reprisal might originate from their actions of describing errors, they can bespeak for resettlement on the footing that the lone practical manner to take or well take the danger ( South Australian W histleblower Protection Act 1993 ) . Redresss Reinstatement The reinstatement with the whistle blowers protection normally falls under the classs of redresss. Within this category reinstatement should be provided in order for the whistle blowers to go on his calling. Kohn states that one of the ends of reinstatement is to restore the employee as about as possible to the place he or she would hold been in if the favoritism has non occurred ( Kohn 2001, 331 ) . Furthermore, he states that reinstatement after a individual has blown the whistling is sometimes about impossible particularly when it comes to happening comparable work in the same industry ( Kohn 2001, 330 ) . In has to be taken into history that for most of the whistle blowers the issue of holding a occupation comes foremost and first from the basicss of the benefits that one addition in footings of income. Therefore, the protection to the whistle blowers by supplying reinstatement can be seen as holding important importance to the whistle blowers themselves. Lewis in his artic le on whistle-blowing at work besides points out to the importance of holding reinstatement provided by stating the where workers have lost their occupations they should besides hold the option of taking reinstatement or re-engagement ( Lewis 2001, 193 ) . Back wage Harmonizing to Kohn, back wage serves to vindicate the public policy behind a unlawful discharge legislative act, at Acts of the Apostless as a deterrence to future unjust labour patterns, and it serves to restore the injured employee to the same status quo as would hold existed but for the unlawful act ( Kohn 2001, 332 ) . These serves to supply the whistle blower with farther protection on the footing of compensation ; nevertheless the restriction of the back wage is that it is hard to come close the sum that the individual would hold earner have he or she stayed in the organisation. Kohn states that back wage awards are continues and are concluded once the employer makes unconditioned offer of reinstatement ( Kohn 2001, 333 ) . After we have looked at the whistle-blowing construct and the protection that is proved to whistle blowers, we need to take a expression at the statute law in Macedonia to see what sort of protection is offered, if any. Furthermore, we will go on with recommendations for whistle-blowing protection that the Government of Macedonia might see to implement in future whistleblower policies. Article 38 from the Law on free entree to information of public character in Macedonia provinces that: Any duty shall be removed from an employee within the province disposal that shall unwrap protected information, in instance such information be of significance for the revelation of maltreatment of power and perversive behaviour, every bit good as for the bar of serious menaces to human wellness and life and the environment ( Law on free entree to information of public character 2006 ) . In add-on to this article, Article 20 from the Law on bar of corruptness in Macedonia provides that: A individual who has disclosed information bespeaking an act of corruptness may non be capable to condemnable prosecution or to any other liability ; protection harmonizing to the jurisprudence shall be provided to a individual who has given statement or has testified in a process for an act of corruptness. This individual shall hold the right to compensation of amendss, which he/she or a member of his/her household has suffered, due to the statement made or testimony given ( Law on bar of corruptness 2002 ) . These two articles from the statute law in Macedonia provide some legal protection to whistle blowers, nevertheless they do non protect the whistle blower to the full. Article 38 from the Law on free entree to information of public character in Macedonia provinces that individual that would unwrap information about incorrect behaviors will be removed from duty, nevertheless the article does non specify this duty and whether it refers unsusceptibility of legal prosecution. In add-on, Article 20 from the Law on bar of corruptness bounds the disclosed information merely to Acts of the Apostless of corruptness, and likewise to the old article once more it does non specify the protection of the whistle blower in a manner that no farther information is given about the signifier of the compensation of amendss. The undermentioned subdivision of this paper provides the recommendation for an ideal whistle blowers protection and gives a recommendation on which of the steps or as we called them shields should be taken into consideration and drafted in a jurisprudence by the Government of Macedonia. Recommendation In footings of namelessness, the writer of this paper feels that it needs be taken into history that people sometimes choose non to blow the whistling when they consider this action to be conceited. In add-on to this, Miceli and Near point out that people sometimes do nt desire to take the clip to do a study ( Miceli and Near 1992, 42 ) . They furthermore emphasis that even thought guaranteed namelessness may cut down this prejudice to some extend, it does non turn to the other jobs ( Miceli and Near 1992, 42 ) . Having said this, the writer of this paper believes that farther devolution in policies that would turn to colored state of affairs should be good and explicitly developed in the whistle blowers protection. Recommendations on unsusceptibility refer closely to the treatment earlier about the Law on free entree to information of public character in Macedonia and the demand to clearly place the remotion of duty when unwraping errors and whether it refers to unsusceptibility of legal prosecution. The whistle blowers protection should include actions for people that are trying or cabaling in order to transport out reprisal over the whistle blower. These actions should include legal and disciplinary actions if a individual engages in Acts of the Apostless that would personally harm or endanger the safety of the whistle blower, would prosecute in Acts of the Apostless of belongings harm or loss, intimidates, decreases degree of employment and similar activities that might harm the white-blower. The writer of this paper believes that in footings of resettlement or transportation, a recommendation for an ideal policy for whistle-blowing protection aside from the resettlement and transportation should see spread outing this protection in a manner that would supply as good leave of absence in instance when no resettlement or transportation is available at the minute. This in add-on to the resettlement and transportation shield would supply more efficient protection when there is any opportunity that the individual blowing the whistling might be reprised. The whistle blowers protection should clearly specify reinstatement and back pays protection. In footings of reinstatement, it needs to be noted in the statute law that reinstatement must be to a comparable occupation ( Kohn 2001, 333 ) . The protection should clearly specify the procedure of back wage awards and if this procedure can last continuously until reinstatement of the employee has been brought up on the docket of the employer. Further considerations might be given in specifying the procedure of computation in footings of clip. This would connote that back wages can be cipher on quarterly footing which would connote that employees interim net incomes in one peculiar one-fourth have no effect on back wage liability for another one-fourth ( Kohn 2001, 333 ) , or they can be calculated on periods of six months which would reflect the current state of affairs in Macedonia where normally no important alterations are seen in footings of publicities or raise on salary on sh orted periods. In decision, the articles provided in the statute law of Macedonia referred to some grade to unsusceptibility from legal action and to payment of amendss to the whistle blowers as a consequence from inflicted amendss from a given testimony. Therefore, a whistle blowers protection is recommended that would give clear apprehension of what constitutes a individual that discloses errors, the chance for namelessness, reinstate or transportation every bit good as definitions of redresss that would follow these actions. Second and most of import due to the attempt of the Government of Macedonia to contend with corruptness holding a clear and good defined whistle blowers protection drafted in jurisprudence that might take to more rapid betterments when contending and bar corruptness. REFERENCE LIST BBC NEWS. 2003. India probes whistleblower slaying. BBC NEWS, December 15, hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3320011.stm ( accessed November 29, 2009 ) . Deiseroth, Dieter. 2009. What is whistle blowing? International Network of Engineers and Scientists for Global Responsibility. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.inesglobal.com/index.php? whistle-blowing A ; highlight=Dieter % 20Deiseroth ( accessed November 29, 2009 ) . De Maria, William. Deadly Disclosures: Whistleblowing and the Ethical Meltdown of Australia. Kent Town, S. Aust: Wakefield Press, 1999. De Maria, William.1995. Quarantining dissent: the Queensland populace sector moralss motion. Australian Journal of Public Administration 54 ( 4 ) : 442 455. Elliston, Frederick A. 1982. Anonymity and Whistleblowing. Journal of Business Ethical motives 1 ( 3 ) :167-177. Espejo, Edwin G. 2006. The Esperat slaying instance: Justice at last but no terminal yet. Sun.Star General Santos, October 09, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sunstar.com.ph/static/gen/2006/10/09/feat/the.esperat.murder.case.justice.at.last.but.no.end.yet.html ( accessed November 29, 2009 ) . Frome, Michael. 1978. Blowing the Whistle. The Center Magazine 11:50-58. Johnson, Roberta Ann. Whistleblowing: When It Works and Why. Boulder: L. Rienner Publishers, 2003. Jubb, Peter B. 1999. A Restrictive Definition and Interpretation. Journal of Business Ethics Vol. 21, no. 1 ( August ) . hypertext transfer protocol: //www.jstor.org/stable/25074156 ( accessed November 29, 2009 ) . Kohn, Stephen M.Concepts and Procedures in Whistleblower Law. Westport, Conn: Quorum Books, 2001. Larmer, Robert A. 1992. Whistleblowing and Employee Loyalty. Journal of Business Ethics Vol. 11, no. 2 ( February ) , hypertext transfer protocol: //www.jstor.org/stable/25072254 ( accessed November 29, 2009 ) . Lewis, David. 2001. Whistleblowing at Work: On What Principles Should Legislation Be Based? Industrial Law Journal 30, no. 2, hypertext transfer protocol: //ilj.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/30/2/169 ( accessed November 29, 2009 ) . Miceli, Marcia P. , and Janet P. Near.Blowing the Whistle: The Organizational and Legal Implications for Companies and Employees. Issues in organisation and direction series. New York: Lexington Books, 1992. NDTV News India. 2009. News, Daily News Updates, November 10, hypertext transfer protocol: //birlaa.com/news/remembering-manjunath-killed-for-honesty/10000 ( accessed November 29, 2009 ) . Near, Janet P. , and Marcia P. Miceli. Organizational Dissidence: The Case of Whistle-Blowing. Columbus, Ohio: College of Administrative Science, Ohio State University, 1985. Near, Janet P. , and Terry M. Dworkin.1998. Responses to Legislative Changes: Corporate Whistleblowing Policies. Journal of Business Ethics 17, no. 14 ( October ) , hypertext transfer protocol: //www.jstor.org/stable/25073989 ( accessed November 29, 2009 ) . Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia. 2002. Zakon za sprecuvanje na korupcijata ( Law on bar of corruptness ) 28/02. Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia. 2006. Zakon za sloboden pristap do informacii od javen karakter ( Law on free entree to information of public character ) 13/06. South Australian Government Gazette. 1993. Whistleblower Protection Act 16.9/93. Tasmanian Department of Justice. 2000. Public Interest Disclosures. Discussion paper. hypertext transfer protocol: //74.125.77.132/search? q=cache:8G4kPPC9a18J: www.justice.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/word_doc/0008/55556/Discussion_Paper_Final.doc+ % 22Immunity+from+legal+action % 22+whistle A ; cd=3 A ; hl=en A ; ct=clnk. ( accessed November 29, 2009 ) .